The Polity Window

 📘 Important Articles of the Indian Constitution – Quick Table

The Constitution of India has 470 Articles (as 2025) divided into 25 Parts and 12 Schedules. But for exams like UPSC, SSC, and PCS, only some Articles are especially important. Here’s a crisp summary 👇

  🧑‍🤝‍🧑 Fundamental Rights (Articles 12–35)

[The Fundamental Rights are among the most important parts of the Constitution. They protect the liberty, equality, and dignity of every citizen.]

Article	Subject / Right
12	Definition of the State
13	Laws inconsistent with Fundamental Rights to be void
14	Right to Equality before law
15	Prohibition of discrimination (religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth)
16	Equality of opportunity in public employment
17	Abolition of untouchability
19	Right to Freedom (speech, assembly, movement, profession)
21	Protection of life and personal liberty
21A	Right to Education
32	Right to Constitutional Remedies

 🔍 Explanation

Article 14 – Equality before Law: Everyone is equal in the eyes of law, and no one is above it.

Article 19 – Right to Freedom: Protects six fundamental freedoms, including speech, expression, and movement.

Article 21 – Right to Life: Guarantees dignity, privacy, and the right to live with respect.

Article 32 – Right to Constitutional Remedies: Called the “heart and soul of the Constitution” by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.

🧭 Directive Principles of State Policy(Articles 36–51)

The Directive Principles guide the government in making policies for social and economic welfare.

Article	Subject
38	Promotion of welfare of the people
39	Equal pay, health, and livelihood
40	Organization of village panchayats
44	Uniform Civil Code
45	Early childhood care and education
50	Separation of judiciary from executive
51	Promotion of international peace and security

 🔍 Explanation

DPSPs are not enforceable by courts, but they are fundamental to the governance of the country. Many welfare schemes — such as MGNREGA and Right to Education — reflect these principles.

🇮🇳 Fundamental Duties (Article 51A)

These duties remind citizens that rights come with responsibilities.

Article	Subject
51A	Duties of citizens (respect Constitution, national symbols, environment, harmony)

  [Added by the 42nd Amendment, 1976, this Article lists 11 duties expected from every citizen.]

👑 President & Executive (Articles 52–78)

Article	Subject
52	The President of India
54	Election of the President
61	Procedure for impeachment of President
63	The Vice President of India
74–75	Council of Ministers & Prime Minister
76	Attorney General of India
78	Duties of Prime Minister

  🏛️ Parliament (Articles 79–122)

Article	Subject
79	Constitution of Parliament
80	Rajya Sabha composition
81	Lok Sabha composition
110	Money Bill
112	Annual Financial Statement (Budget)

  ⚖️ Judiciary (Articles 124–147)

Article	Subject
124	Supreme Court establishment
129	Supreme Court as Court of Record
131	Original jurisdiction of Supreme Court
136	Special leave to appeal
141	Law declared by Supreme Court binding

  🗳️ Elections (Articles 324–329)

Article	Subject
324	Election Commission of India
325	One general electoral roll per constituency
326	Elections based on adult suffrage

  💰 Finance & Accounts (Articles 266–300A)

Article	Subject
266	Consolidated Fund & Public Accounts
267	Contingency Fund of India
280	Finance Commission
300A	Right to Property (legal right)

  📑 Constitutional Bodies

Article	Subject
148	Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG)
315	Public Service Commissions
324	Election Commission
338	National Commission for SCs
340	Commission for Backward Classes

📚 Other Important Articles to Remember

Article	Subject
280	Finance Commission
300A	Right to property (now a legal right, not fundamental)
312	All India Services
324	Election Commission
343	Official language of the Union (Hindi)
368	Power to amend the Constitution
370	Special status of Jammu and Kashmir (abrogated in 2019)
371A–J	Special provisions for certain states
393	Short title — “The Constitution of India”
395	Repeals the Indian Independence Act, 1947

368Procedure for amendment of the Constitution 343Official language of the Union (Hindi) 370Special status of Jammu & Kashmir (abrogated) 371A–Special provisions for certain states.

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🧾 Tips to Remember for Exams

1. Study by Category: Group Articles part-wise for easier memorization.

2. Use Short Tricks: Create mnemonics — e.g., “E-F-L-R” for Equality, Freedom, Life, Remedy.

3. Make Flashcards: Keep one Article and its meaning per card.

4. Revise Weekly: Repetition helps retention.

5. Attempt MCQs: Practice previous year questions regularly.

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🧩 Conclusion

The Indian Constitution is a living document — it adapts with time, but its core values remain the same: justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity.

Knowing the important Articles not only helps in exams but also deepens your understanding of how India runs as a democratic republic.

Each Article represents a principle that shapes our governance and protects our citizens.

So, don’t just memorize — understand what each Article stands for. That’s how you truly appreciate the Constitution of India.

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❓ Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q-1. How many Articles are there in the Indian Constitution?

👉There are 470 Articles in 25 Parts as of now.

Q-2. Which Article is called the ‘heart and soul’ of the Constitution?

👉Article 32 – it gives the right to move the Supreme Court for protection of Fundamental Rights.

Q-3. Which Article provides for the Election Commission?

👉Article 324.

Q-4. Which Article is related to the President’s Rule?

Article 356.

Q-5. Which Article deals with the Right to Education?

👉Article 21A, added by the 86th Amendment in 2002.

Q-6. What does Article 368 deal with?

👉It provides the procedure to amend the Constitution.

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✍️ Final Note

The Articles of the Indian Constitution are not just exam facts — they reflect the vision of the framers and the strength of Indian democracy.

Study them with understanding, revise regularly, and you’ll remember them effortlessly in any exam.

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Thank you..